![]() ![]() GoldStar also made a similar dual-deck machine. During the 1990s Sony did market a few VHS VCRs that also feature an 8mm deck to allow convenient transfer to VHS. Although it is possible to transfer tapes (using the VCR to rerecord the source video as it is played back by the camcorder), the VHS copy would lose some quality compared to the 8mm original. Instead it was assumed that the camcorder would be directly plugged into one's TV. Video8/Hi8's main drawback is that tapes made with Video8 camcorders cannot be played on VHS hardware. ![]() Video8 also has an advantage in terms of recording and playback time over VHS-C – 180 minutes vs 45 minutes in SP mode for standard cassettes for each format. This was impossible with Betamax and full-sized VHS camcorders, with all of them having shoulder-mount form factor. The small size of media means that many Video8 camcorders are small enough to hold in the palm of the user's hand. Linear audio did have the advantage that (unlike either AFM system) it could be re-recorded without disturbing the video, doing this in 8mm required a deck that supported digital audio. This cost less than including 8mm's optional digital stereo audio track. ![]() Early Video8 camcorders used mono AFM sound, but this was later made stereo. This meant that Video8's standard audio was of a far higher quality than that of its rivals. By contrast, all Video8 machines used audio frequency modulation (AFM) to record sound along the same helical tape path as that of the video signal. Coupled with the slow horizontal tape speed, the sound was comparable with that of a low-quality audio cassette. Audio on Standard VHS and Beta is recorded along a narrow linear track at the edge of the tape, where it is vulnerable to damage. In terms of audio, Video8 generally outperforms its older rivals. In terms of video quality, Video8 offers similar performance to Beta-II and VHS in their standard-play modes. Yet, several months later at the summer 1986 Consumer Electronics Show Olympus introduced an eight-millimeter camcorder manufactured by Matsushita, and Hitachi was reported to be making eight-millimeter machines for Minolta & Pentax. In April 1986 six Japanese electronics companies-Matsushita, Hitachi, Pentax, Minolta, Mitsubishi, Sharp and Toshiba-announced their lack of plans to embrace eight millimeter in the foreseeable future and instead adopted VHS-C format. Also in 1985, Sony released the first of their compact Handycam range: the CCD-M8, which at one kilogram was half the mass of the CCD-V8, though it had no zoom and supported only manual focus with three focus settings. The same year, Sony released the CCD-V8AF which added autofocus. The first Sony camcorder capable of recording to standard 8mm videotape was the Sony CCD-V8, with 6x zoom but only manual focus, released in 1985 with a price equivalent to $1175, and a mass of 1.97 kg. The Kodak machines were produced by Matsushita Electric, but Matsushita itself had shown no interest in selling the same product under its own name. The first two models were the Kodak Kodavision 22, both over US$1,500. Video8 was launched in 1984, into a market dominated by the VHS-C and Betamax formats. History An amateur grade Video8 Camcorder from the early 1990s Video8 ![]() Much smaller than the competition's VHS and Betamax video cameras, Video8 became very popular in the consumer camcorder market. In 1985, Sony of Japan introduced the Handycam, one of the first Video8 cameras with commercial success. In January 1984, Eastman Kodak announced the new technology in the U.S. As a result, a consortium of 127 companies endorsed 8-mm video format in April 1984. In 1982, five companies – Sony, Matsushita (now Panasonic), JVC, Hitachi, and Philips – created a preliminary draft of the unified format and invited members of the Electronic Industries Association of Japan, the Magnetic Tape Industry Association, the Japan Camera Industry Association and other related associations to participate. Their user base consisted mainly of amateur camcorder users, although they also saw important use in the professional television production field. These are the original Video8 ( analog recording) format and its improved successor Hi8 ( analog video and analog audio but with provision for digital audio), as well as a more recent digital recording format known as Digital8. The 8mm video format refers informally to three related videocassette formats. ![]()
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![]() The price of NFT Art Finance is predicted to reach at a minimum value of $0.00000000 in 2026. NFT Art Finance (NFTART) Price Prediction 2026 The NFT Art Finance price could reach a maximum value of $0.00000000 with the average trading price of $0.00000000 throughout 2025. The price of NFT Art Finance is predicted to reach at a minimum value of $0.00000000 in 2025. The NFT Art Finance price value can reach a maximum of $0.00000000 with the average trading value of $0.00000000 in USD. Read MoreĪccording to our deep technical analysis on past price data of NFTART, In 2024 the price of NFT Art Finance is forecasted to be at around a minimum value of $0.00000000. The NFTART price can reach a maximum price value of $0.00000000 with the average value of $0.00000000. But, the copyright is still with the original creator or owner.As per the forecast and technical analysis, In 2023 the price of NFT Art Finance is expected to reach at a minimum price value of $0.00000000. The document (or ledger) that authenticated the ticket as proof of ownership is the blockchain. If you purchase an NFT, it is essentially buying a digital record of the ownership of the token that can later transfer to an electronic wallet. What is the process behind the NFT tokens function? It is possible to purchase BNB with any fiat or crypto-asset Finance allows or pays using a credit card however, the cost will be more. To access it, you can sign up on the Binance website or use other exchanges such as KuCoin, eToro, or. Which platform can I purchase NFT art finance on? Essentially, NFT Art Finance wants to create a platform for artists to develop and sell non-fungible currency (NFTs). NFT Art Finance is a brand new cryptocurrency that uses Balance Smart Chain Finance Smart Chain to execute its program. FAQ Most Frequently Ask Question What does NFT arts finance accomplish? First, you must find or design unique digital products and then create a price and then see how much you will earn from other sellers after selling them. You’ll earn more than you thought you would from your work. Therefore, NFTs are the most effective investment option based on the more significant ROI (Return on Investment). It’s all about the extent to which the buyer can be willing to pay or the amount they are willing to pay for one art item. You can negotiate whatever price you wish in digital arts, such as images, GIFs, and videos. ![]() It is necessary to sell that stock when the price gets high. Imagine you’re investing in an investment in the Stock Market and decide to buy some supplies from any business. You can now claim that NFTs can be the best alternative to investing in stocks. ![]() Once upon a time, the famous Christies were planning to hold an auction to sell purely digital art, and NFTs were invented in the name of Mike Winkelmann, recognized as a person.Īfter he had created 1000 digital artworks or items, he shared every image on Instagram for one day, and the price went from $100 to $1 million, which is quite a leap in a short time in the cryptocurrency world. So if you are looking to make a bet on crypto, now is the ideal time to invest because it is the future for Currencies depending on trading based on digital assets. Should You Consider Investing In NFTS Now?Ĭapitalization companies are prevalent in the current trend of investing in more critical value or large markets. If an artist sells NFT-represented works, he keeps the copyright for the job and may also make additional NFT work. NFTs can create artificial distortions in a work of art by providing each NFT within the piece a distinct signature. Crypto Kitties use the NFT to provide an innovative in-app online goods purchase option to broaden the development of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies.Īdditionally, it uses NFT to give a mainstream for securing the top-level payment Solution for every user. It is one instance that makes use of NFT and blockchain-based platforms to connect gamers across the world. What kind of asset or digital artworks could you make using this? An NFT Art Finance can be utilized, for instance, to facilitate private equity transactions and the purchase of the real property. One of the benefits of allowing multiple kinds of tokens is the capability to offer trust assets for various types of NFT Art Finance within the form of a single financial transaction. Modern financial systems are a complex system of lending and trading that includes diverse investment options, including mortgages to artworks. ![]() Non-fungible Tokens are the evolution from the basic idea of cryptocurrency. ![]() Can transform their precious assets into higher-value assets. NFT Art Finance is the future of the financial industry and also for people. ![]() ![]() ![]() Suomi soi 4: Suuri suomalainen listakirja (in Finnish) (1st ed.). ^ "Adult Contemporary Europe Top 25" (PDF).^ "Hits of the World – Eurochart Hot 100".^ " Take That – Everything Changes" (in Dutch).^ " Take That – Everything Changes" (in German).^ "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending ". ![]() : CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) ( link)
![]() ![]() It won’t do any harm if you do choose to add one – and your certainly won’t end up with too much oxygen in your water – but it won’t really add anything other than making your tank look nice. In these cases, whether or not to add an air pump to your goldfish tank is purely an aesthetic consideration. This oxygen will allow your fish to breathe just fine. In most cases, enough disturbance will be caused by the flow from your filter to get plenty of oxygen into your water. And an air pump is not the only way to create that disturbance. ![]() It is actually disturbance at the surface that really helps to dissolve oxygen into the water. You may be surprised to hear that all of those bubbles from the air pump don’t actually add much oxygen to the water at all. New goldfish keepers often see air pumps in goldfish tanks and assume that they are strictly required and that the fish will suffocate without one. As the air stone is submerged in your tank water, this flow of air creates a stream of bubbles. The air pump sends air along the tube and out of the tiny holes in the air stone. A piece of tubing will then run from the air pump, into your tank water and connect to something called an air stone. The air pump itself will sit outside your tank. The filter also becomes home to good bacteria, which help to remove dangerous chemicals from the water.Īn air pump does not filter the water. However, there is some confusion among beginners, who often confuse an air pump with a filter.Ī filter is a piece of equipment that draws water through filter media (such as sponges), in order to remove debris from the water. We’re sure that many of you are fully aware of what an air pump is. ![]() But what about an air pump?ĭo goldfish need an air pump in their tank? Will there be enough oxygen in the water if you don’t add an air pump? Read on to find out… Again, not a lot of fish.As you may already be aware from browsing our other articles, goldfish definitely need a filter in order to keep their water parameters under control. Each subsequent comet you add would need an additional 12 gallons so for a 55 gallon tank, we are talking about 3 full-size Comets. We need to ensure an aquarium is big enough not only for them to have room to swim around, but also so you are not a slave to water changes.įor a common variety of Goldfish like a Comet, you will want to consider an aquarium size of 30 gallons and target at least 4 feet in length. That doesn’t sound like a lot of fish, but remember they get pretty big. This means a 40 gallon tank can hold 3 adult-sized Fancy Goldfish. After that, it’s roughly 10 gallons per every other Fancy Goldfish. When sizing an aquarium for a Fancy Goldfish, you will want to start out with a tank size of 20 gallons for a single Fancy. Given their adult sizes, it’s no wonder they were originally kept in ponds. Some have grown as large as cats in rivers! That is a lot of Goldfish for a tank! Goldfish also have a lot of mass, especially the Fancy types. In fact, the Common Goldfish can grow up to 10 inches in size and Fancy Goldfish can grow up to 8 inches in length. You may purchase them as young new fish for your fish tank, but they will get large. You may see Goldfish bowls everywhere, but bowls are not big enough for the long-term. Goldfish do not belong in a Goldfish bowl. I’m going to say it upfront to my readers. This video by Aquatographyprovides a deep look into the origins of goldfish. Goldfish were imported to North America around the 1850s. ![]() They were highly regarded for their scales and it was tradition for a man to give his wife a goldfish on their first anniversary to symbolize the prosperous years to come. The breeding of the fancy Goldfish varieties did not begin until the 1600s starting in Ming Dynasty China. The Goldfish was born at this time as an ornamental pet. They began to keep these colorful fish in their ponds. These flashy-looking new fish caught the eye of Buddhist monks in the 9th century. If these fish were in the wild, they would get quickly eaten by predators since they stood out so much. Genetic mutations would occur with the carp and these “mutants” would end up with flashy red, yellow, and orange colors. It was one of the most common staples of meat in China at one time.Īs carp continued to be bred for meat, a strange thing happened. Their original colors were silver-grey and they were known as “chi” in the East. Goldfish are the domesticated version of wild carp from East Asia. Goldfish used to be what was for dinner in China, their area of origin. One crazy fact about Goldfish is that they were first kept for their meat. Slim bodied are more athletic and can live in ponds There are slim-bodied and fancy goldfish.Live plants with goldfish is possible if you know what plants to select.They are coldwater fish and are best with other goldfish.They require larger tanks and are quite messy Chloroquine Phosphate Aquarium Dosing Calculator. ![]() ![]() What's new is that while the RX 7900 XT and RX 7900 XTX use 20 Gbps memory, the RX 7900 GRE is given slower 18 Gbps memory, as detected by GPU-Z. ![]() We've known from older reports that the RX 7900 GRE is configured with a 256-bit wide GDDR6 memory interface, holding 16 GB of video memory. Also detected are a TMU count of 320, ROP count of 80 (a vast reduction from the 192 available on the silicon, if true). The screenshot describes the RX 7900 GRE as featuring 80 CU, or 5,120 stream processors-the same count as the previous-gen RX 6900 XT, but based on the newer RDNA3 graphics architecture. While GPU-Z 2.54.0 isn't fully aware of the RX 7900 GRE, and can get some hard-coded details (such as release dates) wrong, since it has the ability to detect "Navi 31" and the RX 7900 series, it is able to count the compute units. Grab the latest GPU-Z from the link below.ĪMD's upcoming China-exclusive Radeon RX 7900 GRE (Golden Rabbit Edition) graphics card is reportedly configured with 80 compute units (CU), and not the previously thought 84, according to a leaked TechPowerUp GPU-Z screenshot. The new Intel GPUs supported include Intel Arc A570M, A530M, and GPU Flex 170. Among the new AMD GPUs supported with this release are the AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE, RX 6750 GRE, Radeon Pro W7700, and Pro V620 MxGPU. ![]() Fixes have been added for Intel Arc video BIOS version reporting, and release dates for Arc A580.Īmong the new NVIDIA GPUs supported with TechPowerUp GPU-Z 2.56.0 are NVIDIA RTX 5000 Ada, RTX 4500 Ada, new RTX 2050 Laptop GPU, L40s, and Hopper H800 PCIe AIC. The Sensors tab can now show the NVIDIA crossbar clock sensor, which by default is "off," and can be enabled for monitoring in the app Settings that you can find in the hamburger menu. It now gives you the ability top open that game's folder in its context menu and select the target DLL file in File Explorer. The DLSS Scanner that detects the versions of DLSS libraries in your installed games. ![]() To begin with, we've added the ability to list and detect DLSS 3 Frame Generation and DLSS 3.5 Ray Reconstruction in the NVIDIA DLSS section of the Advanced tab. Version 2.56.0 adds a host of new features, usability upgrades, and support for new GPUs. TechPowerUp today announced the latest version of TechPowerUp GPU-Z, the popular graphics sub-system information and diagnostic utility for gamers, enthusiasts, and engineers alike. ![]() ![]() ![]() Refined labeling strategies using promoter fragments 13, or intersectional approaches 14, 15 to isolate subpopulations of cells have revealed intra-regional heterogeneity in the cortex 13, 14, 15, as well as the brainstem, thalamus, olfactory bulb, cerebellum and spinal cord 14, which again correlates to morphology 15, cell intrinsic physiology 15 and function 13, 14.Īstrocytes are also involved in disease, as evidenced by extensive cell culture and mouse model studies 6, with disruption of astrocyte functions, such as synapse formation, leading to neuronal network dysfunction 13, 14. In addition, astrocytes in different brain regions also have distinct morphological and functional features, such as degree of synapse association 9, 10, intrinsic membrane properties and Ca 2+ signaling 10, and ability to promote neuronal maturation 12. Together, these studies revealed that gene expression varies between brain regions, and that there is often a subtle gradient of gene expression within individual brain areas. Fusion of reporter tags to ribosomal subunits (TRAP technology) has permitted the isolation of actively translated mRNAs from astrocytes 10, 11, 12. The expression of fluorescent reporter tags in astrocytes has allowed the isolation of cells from specific brain regions for RNA profiling 8, 9 and proteomic studies 10. However, the issue of astrocyte diversity is now being addressed and a number of studies are reporting heterogeneity of form and function, both between and within brain regions (see reviews by Khakh and Sofroniew 6, Ben Haim and Rowitch 7, Khakh and Deneen 3 and references therein). This is in contrast to studies on neurons, for which numerous experimental tools exist and evidence for substantial diversity within brain regions has accumulated 4, 5. The question of whether specialized astrocyte subtypes exist remains poorly resolved, largely due to the lack of experimental tools allowing detailed astrocyte characterization 3. Since then, our understanding of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of astrocytes has remained largely unaltered: astrocyte classification has largely been restricted to two morphological groupings, fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes, found in the white and gray matter of the brain, respectively. Extensive morphological heterogeneity of astrocyte populations was described over 100 years ago in seminal work by Ramón y Cajal 2. This degree of functional diversity begs the question of whether astrocytes are a homogeneous group of cells or exist in distinct subtypes with specialized functions. Paralleling the wide diversity of their interactions, astrocytes have been reported to play key roles in supporting CNS structure, metabolism, blood–brain barrier formation, and control of vascular blood flow, axon guidance, synapse formation, and modulation of synaptic transmission 1. They possess thousands of individual processes, which extend out into the neuropil, interacting with neurons, other glia, and blood vessels. The data are available through an online database ( ), providing a resource on which to base explorations of local astrocyte diversity and function in the brain.Īstrocytes are ubiquitous in the central nervous system (CNS). Our findings are evidence for specialized astrocyte subtypes between and within brain regions. Validation of our data in situ reveals distinct spatial positioning of defined subtypes, reflecting the distribution of morphologically and physiologically distinct astrocyte populations. Our analysis identifies five transcriptomically distinct astrocyte subtypes in adult mouse cortex and hippocampus. To investigate the true extent of astrocyte molecular diversity across forebrain regions, we used single-cell RNA sequencing. Crucially, emerging evidence shows specific adaptations and astrocyte-encoded functions in regions, such as the spinal cord and cerebellum. Astrocytes, a major cell type found throughout the central nervous system, have general roles in the modulation of synapse formation and synaptic transmission, blood–brain barrier formation, and regulation of blood flow, as well as metabolic support of other brain resident cells. ![]() ![]() ![]() The concept of a "chemical substance" became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate. For example, polyethylene is a mixture of very long chains of -CH 2- repeating units, and is generally sold in several molar mass distributions, LDPE, MDPE, HDPE and UHMWPE. However, the polymer may be defined by a known precursor or reaction(s) and the molar mass distribution. ![]() Polymers almost always appear as mixtures of molecules of multiple molar masses, each of which could be considered a separate chemical substance. Therefore, although the exact chemical identity is unknown, identification can be made with a sufficient accuracy. For example, charcoal is an extremely complex, partially polymeric mixture that can be defined by its manufacturing process. The latter two consist of multiple chemical substances however, their identity can be established either by direct chemical analysis or reference to a single manufacturing process. For example, the EU regulation REACH defines "monoconstituent substances", "multiconstituent substances" and "substances of unknown or variable composition". In law, "chemical substances" may include both pure substances and mixtures with a defined composition or manufacturing process. Feldspars are a common example: anorthoclase is an alkali aluminum silicate, where the alkali metal is interchangeably either sodium or potassium. Many minerals, however, mutually dissolve into solid solutions, such that a single rock is a uniform substance despite being a mixture in stoichiometric terms. In geology, substances of uniform composition are called minerals, while physical mixtures ( aggregates) of several minerals (different substances) are defined as rocks. Broader definitions of chemicals or chemical substances can be found, for example: "the term 'chemical substance' means any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including – (i) any combination of such substances occurring in whole or in part as a result of a chemical reaction or occurring in nature". Non-stoichiometric compounds are a special case (in inorganic chemistry) that violates the law of constant composition, and for them, it is sometimes difficult to draw the line between a mixture and a compound, as in the case of palladium hydride. The chemical substance index published by CAS also includes several alloys of uncertain composition. But, there are exceptions to this definition a pure substance can also be defined as a form of matter that has both definite composition and distinct properties. ![]() According to this definition a chemical substance can either be a pure chemical element or a pure chemical compound. Chemical substances may be combined or converted to others by means of chemical reactions.ĭefinition Colors of a single chemical ( Nile red) in different solvents, under visible and UV light, showing how the chemical interacts dynamically with its solvent environment.Ī chemical substance may well be defined as "any material with a definite chemical composition" in an introductory general chemistry textbook. However, in practice, no substance is entirely pure and chemical purity is specified according to the intended use of the chemical.Ĭhemical substances exist in different state, such as solids, liquids, gases, or plasma, and may change between these phases of matter with changes in temperature or pressure and time. Other chemical substances commonly encountered in pure form are diamond (carbon, C), gold (Au), table salt ( sodium chloride, NaCl) and refined sugar ( sucrose, C 12H 22O 11). A common example of a chemical substance is pure water it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen (H +) to oxygen (O 2-) whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. Chemical substances can be simple substances (substances consisting of a single chemical element), chemical compounds, or alloys.Ĭhemical substances that cannot be separated into their simpler constituent elements by physical means are said to be 'pure' this notion intended to set them apart from mixtures. Steam and liquid water are two different forms of the same pure chemical substance, water.Ī chemical substance is a form of matter having constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. ![]() For other uses, see Chemical (disambiguation). ![]() ![]() Additionally, for the Daily Themed Classic Crossword clue answers for August 14 2023, you can find all the crossword clue answers you need in one place. Don’t forget to explore our wide range of crossword clues answers, including those from the NYT Crossword and LA Times Crossword. We trust that this solution has resolved the crossword clue you were grappling with today. This clue was found within the AugDaily Themed Classic Crossword, make sure to verify the answer length against the crossword you’re looking to solve to ensure it matches. However, it is important to acknowledge that clues can have multiple answers, contingent upon the specific crossword puzzle in which they appear. If you’re looking for the answer to the Sailor’s “Roger that!” crossword clue, we have diligently explored numerous crosswords and puzzles to uncover the potential solution in this guide. Sailor’s “Roger that!” crossword clue answer Image via PlaySimple Games ![]() We’re here to lend a helping hand with the Sailor’s “Roger that!” crossword clue answer today for the Daily Themed Classic Crossword. If you find yourself stuck on a particular clue, there’s no need to feel discouraged. Not only are they effective, but they also provide an enjoyable pastime that helps time move effortlessly.Ĭrosswords, while enjoyable, can pose significant challenges as they delve into a multitude of knowledge areas. In today’s world, people of all ages turn to these puzzles on a daily basis, seeking both enjoyment and mental stimulation. Image via PlaySimple Gamesįrom the moment the first crossword puzzle was introduced, its popularity has consistently grown. Each of the clues within the Daily Themed Classic Crossword test your brain power, but you might often find some of the game‘s hints a bit too elusive. _ dark desert highway… (start to Hotel California): 2 wds.Many players are finding the Sailor’s “Roger that!” clue in today’s Daily Themed Classic Crossword a nightmare to figure out, with the answer seeming far beyond their reach.Soccer star Hamm who wrote Winners Never Quit! crossword clue._ Hornqvist Swedish ice hockey player who scored the Stanley Cup-winning goal in 2017 crossword clue.Brayden _ Canadian ice hockey player who scored the Stanley Cup-winning goal in 2020 crossword clue._-K (school for tots informally) crossword clue.Beaver's engineering feat crossword clue.David Schwimmer's role on Friends crossword clue.Match-winning tennis serve perhaps crossword clue.Go the extra _ (make extra effort) crossword clue.WWE wrestler _ Mysterio crossword clue. ![]()
![]() ![]() “That was also quite memorable,” Johnson added. One year, he got a book, The Killer Angels, a historical novel about the Battle of Gettysburg, because the student knew he was interested in the Civil War. Though he’s not a coffee drinker himself, “my wife sure appreciates them,” he said. Jimmy” by his students, has received what he estimates to be “about a bazillion” coffee mugs as well as Dunkin’ Donuts and Starbucks gift cards. “Needless to say, we were a few minutes behind schedule the rest of the morning.” with a plate of fresh baked chocolate chip cookies, still warm from the oven, with a tall glass of cold milk to go with it,” he recalled fondly. “Without a doubt, it was when a student’s mother met me at my bus at 7:30 a.m. But there’s one that really stands out, even though it happened 15 years ago. After driving a school bus in Vermont for more than three decades, James Johnson has received his share of holiday gifts from thoughtful students and families. ![]() You ensure our students travel to and from school safely on the road to and through college.įor more information on National School Bus Safety Week, visit Learn more about transportation at IDEA at. We are extremely thankful for the commitment and dedication of IDEA’s transportation team members. You should always drive cautiously near school buses.Passing a stopped school bus is illegal and can result in steep fines, depending on your state’s laws.Remember, texting while driving is illegal in Texas.Always obey speed limits and traffic laws in school zones.Flashing yellow lights means the bus is about to make a stop and you should slow down, too.Flashing red lights and stop signs mean the bus is stopped and children may be entering or exiting the bus. ![]() School buses are legally required to stop at them. Reduce speed when you spot a school bus and know children may unexpectedly step into the road without checking for oncoming traffic.Watch for children on bicycles traveling to and from schools.Follow the directions of school crossing guards.Don’t block a crosswalk when stopped at a red light or stop sign.Students are frequently distracted by mobile devices or listening to electronic devices and may not be paying attention to their surroundings. ![]()
![]() ![]() Please click here to access the exchange rate information. To facilitate the calculation of stamp duty to be paid through the Exchange for transactions in non-Hong Kong dollar currencies on any trading day, the exchange rates of Hong Kong dollars against renminbi and US dollars will be published on the HKEx website. Stamp Duty remissions apply to all Options Market Maker jobbing transactions, eligible DCMM transactions and SMM transactions. Please click here for a full list showing securities not subject to Hong Kong Stamp Duty. Unless stated otherwise, all securities listed on the Exchange are subject to a stamp duty at a rate of 0.1% (rounded up to the nearest dollar) on the value of the transaction, on both the buyer and the seller. To simplify operations with a unified basis for fee calculation for transactions in non-Hong Kong dollar currencies, the Exchange will adopt the same exchange rates as for stamp duty calculation purpose for calculating Trading Fee if applicable. Transactions in different categories of Exchange Traded Products. Different rate of exemption of the Trading Fee will apply to the SMM To simplify operations with a unified basis for fee calculation for transactions in non-Hong Kong dollar currencies, the Exchange will adopt the same exchange rates as for stamp duty calculation purpose for calculating FRC Transaction Levy if applicable.Ī Trading Fee of 0.00565% per side of the consideration of a transaction (rounded to the nearest cent) is payable to the Exchange. ![]() There is no FRC Transaction Levy on Securities Market Maker (SMM) transactions. To simplify operations with a unified basis for fee calculation for transactions in non-Hong Kong dollar currencies, the Exchange will adopt the same exchange rates as for stamp duty calculation purpose for calculating Investor Compensation Levy if applicable.Įffective 1 January 2022, a FRC Transaction Levy of 0.00015% (rounded to the nearest cent) is charged per side of the consideration of a transaction, and the amount is collected for the Financial Reporting Council (FRC). 0.002% per side of the consideration of a transaction, rounded to the nearest cent) has been suspended by the SFC. To simplify operations with a unified basis for fee calculation for transactions in non-Hong Kong dollar currencies, the Exchange will adopt the same exchange rates as for stamp duty calculation purpose for calculating SFC Transaction Levy if applicable.Įffective 19 December 2005, the payment of Investor Compensation Levy (i.e. There is no SFC Transaction Levy on Securities Market Maker (SMM) transactions. The following fees apply to each security transaction 1:Įffective 1 April 2003, the brokerage of security transactions becomes freely negotiable between brokers and their clients.Įffective 1 November 2014, a SFC Transaction Levy of 0.0027% (rounded to the nearest cent) is charged per side of the consideration of a transaction, and the amount is collected for the SFC. ![]() |
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